³⁸ It is true that in certain regions of the Balkans, like western Bulgaria, there are polyphonic folksong traditions (although that might be related to the Ison practice of Eastern Chant). Meanwhile, there are important monophonic folksong traditions in Western Europe, for example the authentic unaccompanied English folksongs. However the dualism, as referred to above, concerns the written, professional, theoretically rigorous sacred music tradition in the East and West of Europe, in which respect the differences in approach are marked and significant.